Trigeminal neuralgia
Symptoms & causes
Diagnosis & treatment
Doctors & departments Care at Mayo Clinic
Print Overview
Trigeminal
neuralgia is a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal
nerve, which carries sensation from your face to your brain.
If
you have trigeminal neuralgia, even mild stimulation of your face —
such as from brushing your teeth or putting on makeup — may trigger a
jolt of excruciating pain.
You may initially experience
short, mild attacks. But trigeminal neuralgia can progress and cause
longer, more-frequent bouts of searing pain.
Trigeminal neuralgia affects women more often than men, and it's more likely to occur in people who are older than 50.
Because
of the variety of treatment options available, having trigeminal
neuralgia doesn't necessarily mean you're doomed to a life of pain.
Doctors usually can effectively manage trigeminal neuralgia with
medications, injections or surgery.
Trigeminal neuralgia care at Mayo Clinic Symptoms Branches of the trigeminal nerve Trigeminal neuralgia symptoms may include one or more of these patterns:
Episodes of severe, shooting or jabbing pain that may feel like an electric shock
Spontaneous attacks of pain or attacks triggered by things such as touching the face, chewing, speaking or brushing teeth
Bouts of pain lasting from a few seconds to several minutes
Episodes of several attacks lasting days, weeks, months or longer — some people have periods when they experience no pain
Constant aching, burning feeling that may occur before it evolves into the spasm-like pain of trigeminal neuralgia
Pain in areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve, including the cheek, jaw, teeth, gums, lips, or less often the eye and forehead
Pain affecting one side of the face at a time, though may rarely affect both sides of the face
Pain focused in one spot or spread in a wider pattern
Attacks that become more frequent and intense over time
When to see a doctor
If
you experience facial pain, particularly prolonged or recurring pain or
pain unrelieved by over-the-counter pain relievers, see your doctor.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic Causes In trigeminal neuralgia, also called tic douloureux, the trigeminal nerve's function is disrupted.
Usually,
the problem is contact between a normal blood vessel — in this case, an
artery or a vein — and the trigeminal nerve at the base of your brain.
This contact puts pressure on the nerve and causes it to malfunction.
Trigeminal
neuralgia can occur as a result of aging, or it can be related to
multiple sclerosis or a similar disorder that damages the myelin sheath
protecting certain nerves.
Trigeminal neuralgia can also be caused by a tumor compressing the trigeminal nerve.
Some people may experience trigeminal neuralgia due to a brain lesion or other abnormalities.
In other cases, surgical injuries, stroke or facial trauma may be responsible for trigeminal neuralgia.
Triggers
A variety of triggers may set off the pain of trigeminal neuralgia, including:
Shaving
Touching your face
Eating
Drinking
Brushing your teeth
Talking
Putting on makeup
Encountering a breeze
Smiling
Washing your face
By Mayo Clinic Staffv
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